Modes
d’articulation |
Points d’articulation |
|
| Labial |
Labial-vél. |
Coronal |
Dorsal |
Laryngal |
(aucun) |
|
| Pulmoniques |
Bilabial |
Lab-dent. |
|
Dental |
Alvéol. |
Post-alv. |
Rétro. |
Alv.-pal. |
Palatal |
Vélaire |
Labio-vél. |
Uvulaire |
Pharyn. |
Épiglott. |
Glottal |
|
| Nasales |
|
m *
|
|
? |
|
??m |
|
n? |
|
n |
|
|
? |
|
|
? |
|
? |
|
??
|
|
? |
|
|
| Occl. prénasalisées |
m?p |
m?b |
|
?k?p |
?g?b |
n?t? |
n?d? |
n?t |
n?d |
|
??? |
??? |
|
??c |
??? |
??k |
??g |
|
??q |
??? |
|
|
| Occlusives |
p *
|
b |
p? |
b? |
k?p |
g?b |
t? |
d? |
t |
d |
|
? |
? |
|
c |
? |
k |
g |
k? |
g? |
q |
? |
|
? |
|
? |
|
|
| Affriquées |
p?? |
b?ß |
p?f |
b?v |
|
t?? |
d?ð |
t?s |
d?z |
t?? |
d?? |
t?? |
d?? |
t?? |
d?? |
c?ç |
??? |
k?x |
g?? |
|
q?? |
??? |
|
??? |
|
??h |
|
|
| Fric. prénasalisées |
m?? |
m?ß |
??f |
??v |
|
n?? |
n?ð |
n?s |
n?z |
n?? |
n?? |
|
|
|
??k |
??g |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fricatives |
? |
ß |
f |
v |
|
? |
ð |
s |
z |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
ç |
? |
x |
? |
x? |
?? |
? |
? |
h |
? |
? |
? |
h |
? |
|
| Spirantes |
|
ß? |
|
? |
|
ß???
|
|
ð? |
|
? |
|
|
? |
|
|
j |
|
? |
? |
w |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Roulées |
?? |
? |
|
|
|
r? |
r? |
r |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
? |
|
|
*
|
|
|
| Battues |
|
*
|
|
? |
|
|
?? |
|
? |
|
|
? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
|
| Affriquées latér. |
|
|
t?? |
d?? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fricatives latér. |
|
|
? |
? |
|
*
|
|
|
*
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Spirantes latér. |
|
|
l? |
l? |
l |
|
|
? |
|
|
? |
|
? |
|
|
|
|
| Battues latér. |
|
|
|
? |
|
|
*
|
|
|
*
|
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
| Non pulmoniques |
|
| Occl. injectives |
? |
? |
|
|
|
? |
? |
|
|
*
|
|
? |
? |
? |
? |
|
? |
? |
|
|
| Occl. éjectives |
p' |
|
|
|
t?' |
|
t' |
|
|
?' |
|
|
c' |
|
k' |
|
|
q' |
|
|
|
| Fric. éjectives |
?' |
|
f' |
|
|
?'
|
|
s' |
|
?' |
|
?' |
|
?' |
|
ç' |
|
x' |
|
|
?' |
|
|
|
| Clics centraux |
? |
|
|
| |
|
! |
|
? |
|
|
|
|
| Clics latéraux |
|
|
? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
pulmoniques
| Consonnes pulmoniques |
| Point d'articulation → → |
Bilabial |
Labio-
dental |
Dental |
Alvéolaire |
Post-
alvéolaire |
Rétroflexe |
Palatal |
Vélaire |
Uvulaire |
Pharyngal |
Glottal |
| Point d'articulation → → |
Bilabial |
Labio-
dental |
Dental |
Alvéolaire |
Post-
alvéolaire |
Rétroflexe |
Palatal |
Vélaire |
Uvulaire |
Pharyngal |
Glottal |
|
Occlusif
|
p * b *
|
p? * b? *
|
t ? d?
|
t * d *
|
? * ? *
|
? * ? *
|
c * ? *
|
k * g *
|
q * ? *
|
|
|
?
|
|
|
Nasal
|
m? * m *
|
?° * ? *
|
n°? * n? *
|
n? * n *
|
n°_ * n_ *
|
?° * ? *
|
?° * ? *
|
?° * ? *
|
?? * ? *
|
|
|
|
Roulé
|
?? * ? *
|
|
r ° r
|
r_° r_
|
|
|
|
?? ?
|
|
|
|
Battu
|
|
? ?
|
?? ? |
|
?° ?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fricatif
|
f * ß *
|
f * v *
|
? * ð *
|
s * z *
|
? * ? *
|
? ?
|
ç ?
|
x ?
|
? ?
|
h ?
|
h ?
|
|
Fricatif latéral
|
|
|
? * ? *
|
|
?°? ??
?? ?
|
|
|
|
|
|
Spirant
|
f? ß?
? b
|
f ? * ? *
ƒ
|
?? * ð? *
? d/d
|
?? * ?
|
? ? ??
|
? ° ??
|
ç? j
|
?° ?
|
?? ??
?
|
|
|
|
Spirant latéral
|
|
|
l ? l |
? ? ?
|
?? ?
|
?? ?
|
|
|
|
Consonants are scheduled by their features in a number of IPA charts:
v · d · eIPA pulmonic consonants chartchart image •  audio |
| Place ? |
Labial |
Coronal |
Dorsal |
Radical |
Glottal |
| ? Manner |
Bila?bial |
Labio?dental |
Den?tal |
Alve?olar |
Post?alv. |
Retro?flex |
Pal?a?tal |
Ve?lar |
Uvu?lar |
Pha?ryn?geal |
Epi?glot?tal |
Glot?tal |
| Nasal |
|
m |
|
? |
|
n? |
|
n |
|
|
? |
|
? |
|
? |
|
? |
|
|
|
| Plosive |
p |
b |
p? |
b? |
t? |
d? |
t |
d |
|
? |
? |
c |
? |
k |
g |
q |
? |
|
|
? |
? |
|
| Fricative |
? |
ß |
f |
v |
? |
ð |
s |
z |
? |
? |
? |
? |
ç |
? |
x |
? |
? |
? |
h |
? |
? |
? |
h |
? |
| Approximant |
|
|
? |
|
|
? |
|
|
? |
|
j |
|
? |
|
|
|
| Trill |
|
? |
|
|
|
r |
|
|
•?* |
|
|
|
? |
|
|
??* |
|
| Flap or tap |
|
?? |
|
? |
|
|
? |
|
|
? |
|
|
|
?? |
|
|
?? |
|
| Lateral Fric. |
|
|
|
? |
? |
|
??° |
|
??? |
|
??° |
|
|
|
|
|
| Lateral Appr. |
|
|
|
|
l |
|
|
? |
|
? |
|
? |
|
|
|
|
| Lateral flap |
|
|
|
|
? |
|
|
???* |
|
?? |
|
|
|
|
|
non pulmoniques
Non-pulmonic consonants
| Clicks |
? |
| |
! |
? |
? |
| Implosives |
? |
? |
? |
? |
? |
| Ejectives |
p' |
t' |
k' |
q' |
s' |
| ts' |
t?' |
t?' |
kx' |
k?' |
xxx
affricates
Affricates
| p?f |
|
ts |
dz |
t? |
d? |
t? |
d? |
?? |
?? |
|
|
t? |
d? |
cç |
?? |
|
|
|
|
qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq
Co-articulated consonants
| Fricatives |
? |
? |
? |
| Approximants |
? |
w |
? |
? |
| Stops |
k?p |
g?b |
??m |
|
